The war against heresy in medieval Europe

Social Choice in Medieval Europe

Il existait au Moyen-âge des pensées profondes et raffinées du choix social, surtout chez Ramon Llull, (ca 1232-1316) et Nicolaus Krebs, surnommé ‘de Cusa’ ou ‘Cusanus’ (1401-64). Deux règles fondamentales du choix social moderne, c'est-à-dire celles de Copeland (généralisation de la règle de Condorcet) et de Borda, ont été proposées par Llull et Cusanus plusieurs siècles avant l'«âge d'or» du ...

Reassessing Jewish Life in Medieval Europe

Was the Christian encounter with Jewish society in medieval Europe defined by the emergence of a “persecuting mentality,” in which Jews and other subalterns were subjected to an aggressive policy of social and political exclusion, as framed by Robert Moore in his seminal book, The Formation of a Persecuting Society? 1 Should the Jewish experience in medieval Christian Europe be viewed as a “lac...

Medieval iconography of watermelons in Mediterranean Europe.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae), is an important fruit vegetable in the warmer regions of the world. Watermelons were illustrated in Mediterranean Antiquity, but not as frequently as some other cucurbits. Little is known concerning the watermelons of Mediterranean Europe during medieval times. With the objective of obtaining an improved understanding of wat...

europe and the pre-emptive war

the european countries' stances towards bush's pre-emptive war were hard. this has been caused by some factors; first, the political european tradition of balance of power in regional and international system is still continuing. second, the pre-emptive war has led to an increase of u.s mobility power in european security field. and at last the pre-emptive war has led to fractions and...

3 the Rules of Writing9 in Medieval China and Europe